Long-term Persistence of Exposure to Cartelization: the Case of Consortia in Italy with Domenico Favoino (2023) Abstract: Industry cartelizations were a common response to the Great Depression in most Western Economies. Italy was no exception: during the 1930's, the government encouraged the formation of cartels, so-called industrial consortia. However, over the past century the prohibition of cartels stripped away the purpose of price coordination from consortia and new rules led to consortia becoming a popular tool for contractual arrangements for inter-firm cooperation. This paper uses an instrumental variable approach to explain the effect of past exposure to cartelization at the local industry level on current industrial concentration and on the current market share distribution of firms involved in present-day consortia. The findings reveal that past exposure to cartelization causes current industrial concentration and drives participation in present-day consortia. However, the study does not find that present-day consortia serve as the mechanism through which past exposure to cartelization persistently affects current industrial concentration. Direct international air connections and FDI in China with Sandra Poncet (first version: 2020) Abstract: We investigate the FDI repercussions after the opening of a direct international air connection. We exploit the date of incorporation and the nationality of the owner of newly created foreign-owned firms for a panel of Chinese cities between 1989 and 2014.